JSTL Core Tags

JSTL(JSP Standard Tag Library) is a collection of custom tags that provide common functionalities like flow control, database operations, etc. JSTL tags can be embedded in Java Server Pages just like other HTML tags. It is convenient for front-end developers to work with HTML-like tags for including logic in webpages rather than writing Java code in scripts. To use JSTL tags, the following dependencies must be included in pom.xml in a maven project:

XML

< groupId >javax.servlet

Alternatively, you can download the jar files from this link. JSTL tags are grouped into five major categories:

Core Tags
Formatting Tags
SQL Tags
XML Tags
Function Tags

This article focuses on JSTL Core tags.

JSTL Core Tags

Core tags in JSTL are used for iteration, conditional logic, url management, handling exceptions, redirect, etc.

The following tags are included in the JSTL Core tag library:

c:set

It is used to set a value to a variable that can be used within the specified scope in a JSP.

Tag handler class: org.apache.taglibs.standard.tag.rt.core.SetTag
Body content: jsp
Attributes:
- var: It is used to provide the name of the variable.
- value: It is used to provide the value for the variable. It can contain any expression.
- scope: It is used to set the scope of the variable.
- target: It is used to provide the target object whose property is to be set.
- property: It is used to specify the name of the property to be set for the target object.
Example:

HTML
My Name is
Output:
```
My Name is John
```
c:remove

removes the specified variable.
- Tag handler class: org.apache.taglibs.standard.tag.common.core.RemoveTag
- Body-content: empty
- Attributes:
  - var: It is used to specify the variable to be removed.
  Example:
  
  HTML
  < title >Remove Tag My Name is My Name is
  Output:
```
My Name is John My Name is
```
  In the above example, the variable name is removed, therefore, the second doesn’t display the name.
  
  c:out
  
  It is used to display the content on the web page similar to the expression tag (
  - Tag handler class: org.apache.taglibs.standard.tag.rt.core.OutTag.
  - Body content: jsp
  - Attributes:
    - value: It is used to provide the value to be displayed.
    - default: It is used to provide the default value, in case, the value provided is null.
    Example:
    
    HTML
    page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1" pageEncoding="ISO-8859-1"%>
    Output:
```
We are learning JSTL Core Tags
```
    c:forEach
    
    used to iterate over a collection or an array.
    - Tag handler class: org.apache.taglibs.standard.tag.rt.core.ForEachTag
    - Body content: jsp
    - Attributes:
      - items: It is used to provide a collection of objects to iterate over.
      - begin: It is used to specify the beginning of the iteration.
      - end: It is used to specify the end of the iteration.
      - step: It is used to provide the steps to be taken between two consecutive iterations.
      - var: It is used to provide a variable for a current item of the iteration.
      Example:
      
      HTML
      < title >ForEach Tag session.setAttribute("marks",marks);
      Output:
```
1 3 5 7 9 10 12 15 14 9
```
      c:import
      
      It is used to include the contents from relative or absolute urls within or outside the server.
      - Tag handler class: org.apache.taglibs.standard.tag.rt.core.ImportTag
      - Body content: jsp
      - Attributes:
        
        url: It is used to specify the url of the resource to be imported.
        
        var: It is used to provide the var in which contents of the imported resource are to be stored.
        
        scope: It is used to specify the scope.
        
        Example:
        
        HTML
        < title >Import Tag
        c:param
        
        It is used with or to send parameters in the url to the imported or redirected pages respectively.
        
        Tag handler class: org.apache.taglibs.standard.tag.rt.core.ParamTag
        
        Body content: jsp
        
        Attributes:
        
        name: It is used to provide the name of the parameter.
        
        value: It is used to provide value for the parameter.
        
        c:redirect
        
        It is used to redirect a page to another url.
        
        Tag handler class: org.apache.taglibs.standard.tag.rt.core.RedirectTag
        
        Body content: jsp
        
        Attributes:
        
        url: It is used to provide the url of the resource to be redirected to.
        
        Example:
        
        HTML
        < title >Redirect Tag
        HTML
        
        Output:
        
        Welcome John!
        
        c:catch
        
        It is used to catch any exception of type Throwable that occurs in the body.
        
        Tag handler class: org.apache.taglibs.standard.tag.common.core.CatchTag
        
        Body-content: jsp
        
        Attributes:
        
        var: used to store the exception thrown by body-content.
        
        Example:
        
        HTML
        
        Output:
        
        java.lang.ArithmeticException:/by zero
        
        c:if
        
        It is used to include the conditional statement in the java server pages. Body content is evaluated only when the condition evaluates to true.
        
        Tag handler class: org.apache.taglibs.standard.tag.rt.core.IfTag
        
        Body-content: jsp
        
        Attributes:
        
        test: used to provide the testing condition.
        
        Example:
        
        HTML
        
        Output:
        
        Qualified!!
        
        c:forTokens
        
        It is used to iterate over given tokens separated by the specified delimiters.
        
        Tag handler class: org.apache.taglibs.standard.tag.rt.core.ForTokensTag
        
        Body-content: jsp
        
        Attributes:
        
        items: It is used to provide the collection of objects to iterate over.
        
        begin: It is used to specify the beginning of the iterations.
        
        end: It is used to specify the end of the iterations.
        
        step: It is used to provide the steps to be taken between to consecutive iterations
        
        var: used to provide a variable for a current item of the iteration.
        
        delims: used to provide a set of delimiters.
        
        Example:
        
        HTML
        < title >ForToken Tag
        Output:
        
        10 20 30 40 50
        
        c:choose, c:when, c:otherwise
        
        It is used to include a conditional statement on the page. It allows multiple conditions similar to if-else ladder or switch case statements.
        
        c:choose>: It marks the beginning of conditional and encloses and .
        
        Tag handler class: org.apache.taglibs.standard.tag.common.core.ChooseTag
        
        Body content: jsp
        
        Attributes: no attribute
        
        c:when>: It is used to provide the condition and encloses the body to be executed if the condition evaluates to true.
        
        Tag handler class: org.apache.taglibs.standard.tag.rt.core.WhenTag
        
        Body content: jsp
        
        Attributes:
        
        test: It is used to provide the condition.
        
        c:otherwise>: It encloses the content to be executed if all the above conditions evaluate as false.
        
        Tag handler class: org.apache.taglibs.standard.tag.common.core.OtherwiseTag
        
        Body content: jsp
        
        Attributes: no attribute
        
        Example:
        
        HTML
        < title >Choose Tag < c:otherwise >Not satisfactory
        Output:
        
        A Grade
        
        c:url
        
        It is used to create a formatted url along with parameters using a nested tag.
        
        Tag handler class: org.apache.taglibs.standard.tag.rt.core.UrlTag
        
        Body content: jsp
        
        Attributes:
        
        var: It is used to provide the variable that holds the url.
        
        scope: It is used to set the scope.
        
        value: It is used to provide the url to be formatted.
        
        Example:
        
        HTML
        ">Click here
        Output:
        
        Click here
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JSTL Core Tags

XML

JSTL Core Tags

c:set

HTML

c:remove

HTML

c:out

HTML

c:forEach

HTML

c:import

HTML

c:param

c:redirect

HTML

HTML

c:catch

HTML

c:if

HTML

c:forTokens

HTML

c:choose, c:when, c:otherwise

HTML

c:url

HTML

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